See -iʀō on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-re"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-iro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-iro"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-izô",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-izô\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iʀō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"comparative\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-iʀō\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_comparative\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-izô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-iʀō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iʀō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms the comparative of certain adjectives."
],
"id": "en--iʀō-gmw-pro-suffix-cuQ5j1XK",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-iʀō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-ore"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-er"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ar"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-ir"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "-re"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "-ra"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "-ere"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "-ere"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-iro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "-ero"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "-er"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "-iro"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gem-pro:*-izô",
"id": "comparative"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-izô\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-iʀō\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" }\" data-id=\"comparative\" data-lang=\"gmw-pro\" data-title=\"*-iʀō\" id=\"Proto-West_Germanic:_comparative\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-izô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-izô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-izô.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "n-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀōm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iʀum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-iʀō",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iʀō",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with etymon",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic n-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"-er. Forms the comparative of certain adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-iʀō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -iʀō meaning in All languages combined (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.